Safari's extension model differs from Chrome and Firefox — extensions ship inside macOS apps. The Bitwarden Safari extension is bundled with the Bitwarden Mac app.
Mac App Store version is the simplest path — extension permissions auto-granted on install.
Apple's Safari Web Extensions API (introduced in Safari 14) requires extensions to ship inside containing macOS apps — there's no Web Store equivalent for Safari. Installing the Bitwarden app from either the Mac App Store or the .dmg installs the extension at the same time.
iOS Safari supports Safari Web Extensions too. Install the Bitwarden iOS app, enable the extension under Settings → Safari → Extensions → Bitwarden. Then in Safari, the Bitwarden icon appears in the address bar's "aA" menu.
No — Safari Web Extensions are required to ship inside macOS apps. Install the Bitwarden Mac app (the desktop vault viewer), the Safari extension comes with it.
Yes — Safari Web Extensions API was introduced in Safari 14 (macOS Big Sur). Newer macOS gives you newer Safari, with progressively better autofill behaviour.
iCloud Keychain is built into Safari and works across Apple devices only. Bitwarden Safari extension gives you cross-platform access (your vault is on Linux, Windows, mobile, web), zero-knowledge encryption with a master password, and organisations/sharing. iCloud is simpler but Apple-only.
Safari resets toolbar customisations occasionally during updates. Right-click toolbar → Customize Toolbar → drag Bitwarden back into the toolbar.